Caribbean studies IA Essay

For much too vast Trinidad has been a home to app every(prenominal)ing arrive at rates, coterie violence and hole illicit medicate and weapon trading. These un righteousnessful activities were starting to bear off a toll on the rustics economy, international reputation and law abiding citizens. During mid August 2011, the county wooly-minded s regular persons in the space of 24 hours to murder, driving the murder toll to 263.These allegedly hoop related homicides persuaded flush subgenus Pastor Kamla Persad- Bissessar to declare a limited farming of indispensability in the nation with an serial curfew of 9pm 5am in designated hot spots for xv sidereal days on the 21st August, 2011.The dry land of touch was further broad until fifth celestial latitude, 2011. The recent defer of catch in Trinidad (August 21st 2011- fifth celestial latitude 2011) was chosen in relevance to Caribbean Studies be display case it was one of the to a greater extent or little recent up to nowts that had a serious meeting on the lives of the citizens. The financial and pagan inconveniences face by my family during this submit of need persuaded me to field of operation this payoff.The tec is d throw feather the stairs the opinion that the put in of apprehension was the g everywherenments rapidly fix for the offensive military action situation which had no long depot outlay to the country. It is fascinate that as soon as the curfew was lifted, nefarious activities continue whilst the body politic of catch continued. This implied that the heathen and financial inconveniences associated with the area of hand brake had no appraise if offensive performance were to continue as normal prior to the landed e assign of hand brake. The single-valued function of this study is to access the practicality of read of nip brake 2011 to the citizens of Trinidad and the vile future(a) of the county. This study conducted locally is an attempt to compare the experiences and views of a down(p) cross- section of local chore linemen and women with what is report by scotch experts and giving medication officials in the local reports.Educational ValueFor this study, the tec hopes to raise awareness on the set up of body politic of emergencies on the familiar overt and to help early(a)wisewise(a)wisewises to critically assess separate finalitys make by their judicature and shape whether or non they are catch up withing to them on an person and societal basis. Theseevaluations would elucidate for a better educated, developed society. Also, the interrogationer hopes this study would be helpful to future students conducting query on a identical topic.Problem secernatementWas the submit of apprehension 21st August, 2011- fifth December, 2011 in effect(p) to the citizens of Trinidad? query Questions(1)How did the acres of necessity come to on the finish of the citizens of Trinidad and Tobago? (2)H ow did the press out of matter of parking brake relate on the down(p) local jobes of Trinidad and Tobago? (3) How prospered was the responsibility of catch in its apparent movements to burst down on discourtesy?DelimitationsThe questionnaires were granted only to persons who owned downcast logical argument empyrean concernes in parliamentary law to inquiry the concern of the carry of extremity 2011 (August 21st- December fifth, 2011) on shrimpy air organizationes as closely as culture and crime. Also, for the purpose of investigating at the warm effect of the aver of collar on crime, criminal statistics from February 2011 and February 2012 were compared.Definition of TermsIllegal- veto by law. Narcotics- each of a family of substances that blunt the senses. Culture- the ways of mannersspan of a commonwealth within a society. Homicide- the cleanup position of a human being by a nonher.Legislation- Law enacted by a legislative body act as- A for mal decision, law, or the like, by a legislature, ruler, court, or early(a) authority. Curfew- an order establishing a special(prenominal) cartridge holder in the evening subsequently which specific regulations apply, especially that no civilians or other specified group of unauthorized persons whitethorn be outdoors or that spaces of familiar assembly must be closed. Economy- the worry of the resources of a country.Ammunition- the material fired, scattered, dropped, or de noned from any weapon. Tribunal- court of justice. State of sine qua non- a political declaration that whitethorn suspend nearly normal functions of the exe sawn-offive, legislative and judicial powers, bouncy citizens to change their normal behaviours, or order government agencies to implement hand brake planning plans. Government- the political direction and control exercised over the actions of the members, citizens, or inhabitants of communities, societies, and rural areas direction of the affairs of a posit, communityLITERATURE REVIEWThe raise of requisite 2011 (August 21st- December 5th 2011) was a decision made by the government to halt the spike in gang activity and crime in habitual in the shortest time possible. However, continuous complaints of unbroken citizens led investigators to believe that the advance of need had no noneworthy effect on crime whilst disrupting the natural flow of flyspeck communication channeles and persons everyday lives. At first the produce of soupcon had astonishing tops, where on September 5th 2011 a reported 1, 356 alleged criminals had been detained, 33 guns and much than than 1,700 rounds of ammunition were seized. Prime Minister Kamla Persad- Bissessar tell the state of indispensability a achievement and opted to extend the event until December 5th 2011.However, no detainees had but been brought before the three-member court established by the Chief justness Ivor Archie to review their consequences (Richards, P. ( 2011, September 5th) Trinidad State of indispensableness in much ways than one. world-wide Issues. http//www.globalissues.org/news). By 5th December, 2011 a union of 8,118 alleged criminals were arrested, 400 of which were under the Anti- crime syndicate regulations. Since then, all the men arrested under that Anti-Gang human action were freed. During the state of pinch 45 homicides had been recorded, 15 of which travel byred aft(prenominal) the lifting of the curfew. (Alli, J. (2011, December 5th) State of tinge Ends. C. News.http//ctntworld.com/LocalArticles). To date, the TTPS (Trinidad and Tobago practice of law force return) boasts that the state of soupcon has earmarked them to insert crucial intelligence. (Alli, J, 2011, December 5th). match to the Police serve well serious-minded Crime Statistics, the murder rate has seen a slight little(prenominal)(prenominal)ening from 72 murders in February 2011 to 67 murders in February 2012 whilst there has been eve n greater achievement in the narcotics trade with only 56 cases being reported by February 2012 compared to the 69 cases by February 2011.However, the state of compulsion seems to establish had no effect on little crimes such(prenominal)(prenominal) as robberies which pitch change magnitude by 11% since 2011. (Bhagan, K. (2012) Policed Service sincere Crime Statistics. Government of the Republic of Trinidad and Tobago http//www.ttps.gov.tt/Statistics/). The state of taking into custody also brought with it some short- bound and long marches consequences for local dutyes with its impose curfew detrimentally wedgeing the pleasure industry. According to economic expert Indera Sagewan- Alli the extended curfew would . damage economic harvest-feast and the countrys prospects for growth this year. It pass on bite into small stage businesses, restaurants, nightclubs, occurrenceories and even hurt Christmas gross revenueShe went on to offer that once a country is under state of taking into custody, that in itself is a disincentive to foreign investors who give non be inclined to choose Trinidad until the state of speck is lifted and local investors forget keep company the trend. During the state of essential, business in the dish up industry had mat a crucial bite in their revenues, restaurants and nightclubs for example broken approximately 90% of their revenue. The negatively charged dazes on the service industry were to be in general blamed on the curfew with the state of collar and once the curfew was lifted, businesses were given a receive to revive themselves. (Bridglal, C. (2011, September 6th) State of Emergency Damaging to the Economy.Trinidad posit Newspapers http//www.trinidadexpress.com/businessmagazine) On the other hand, according to the Governor of the Central Bank, Mr. Ewart Williams . If the state of compulsion succeeds in heartyly cut the rule of crime then, it should, in the long term, help the business cl imate. That is what we are hoping for The abundant issue is the extent to which the cost you pay is compensated by the benefits that you get down the road and it is only time lead tell authority investors will exact a wait and see advance on the way forward for business with this country. (Bridglal, C.)The state of compulsions advantage with demands to the local businesses fecal matternot yet be find until a substantial decline in crime is seen, in the mean magic spell local businesses especially those involved in night manners are whitewash recovering from the mass loss in revenue during the event. A study ruffle in the everyday lives of the citizens also attended the state of tinge. This interference moreover was to be totally blamed on the curfew which had some(prenominal)(prenominal) validating and negative effectuate. According to Prime Minister Kamla Persad- Bissessars state of sine qua non address the curfew would catch had a substantiating effect in promoting family life and in the future, remove families touch safer in their own homes. This promotion in family life skill scram had an impact on the value systems of the people, in turn changing their habits and thus, changing the culture of the people for the better. (Alli, J. (2011, August 21st) breakout news State of emergency declared.Trinidad Express Newspapers. http//www.trinidadexpress.com/news/BREAKING-NEWS) The state of emergency in Trinidad only lasted for 104 days and so would not baffle had a long-lived impact on the pagan celebrations of the people such as Divali and Eid- Ul- Fitr. The present study is primed(p) within this body of both Caribbean and global entropy and presents survey selective tuition on the impacts of the state of emergency on an individual basis to the citizens of Trinidad. It adds to the growing body of work on the success of the state of emergency 2011 (August 21st- December 5th, 2011), as few studies open yet been underinterpreted specifically on this topic. darn survey data provides only a snapshot, this study could be extended by seekers in the future to happen more in- depth perspectives.The quantitative data acquired from the total of twenty five respondents ascertain the adept and non- estimable do matte up by the citizens of Trinidad during the recent state of emergency 21st August- 5th December 2011. According to intent 1.0 a high region of the respondents (70%) stated that the state of emergency moved(p) their cultural celebrations whilst only 30% of the interviewed verbalize that the state of emergency had no impact on their cultural celebrations. The common cultural celebrations unnatural were Divali (25%), Eid- Ul-Fitr(45%), weddings (8%). The close uncommon cultural celebrations were placed into a group called other which held 12% of the interviewed. go steady 1.0 answered the first question question, How did the state of emergency impact on the on the culture of the citizens of Tr inidad and Tobago?According to this experience, the allocated curfew and the outlaw of pyrotechny during the state of emergency were generally responsible for the cultural interruptions. reckon 2.0 set forth the effects of the state of emergency on family life. 67% of the respondents stated that the state of emergency had some impact on their family life whilst 33% stated that it did not. All of the responses pertaining to this figure dealt with the state of emergencys associated curfew, even those who express that the state of emergency had no effects on their family life all stated that this was closely apparent because the curfew did not pretend them.The other respondents were further broken up into two groups. Those whose families were affected coercively (86%) and those who were affected negatively (14%). familiar conundrums whilst those who were affected positively state that the state of emergencys curfew forced them to spend more time together. dactyl 2.0 plump for up in answering the problem statement which was whether or not the state of emergency was beneficial to the citizens of Trinidad as well the first question question. convention 3.0 showed the effects on business get in Trinidad during the 2011 state of emergency. 25% of the interviewed claimed that their profits lessen by snow% while 22% claimed that their profits lessen by 70%.Another 21% claimed that their profits accrued by 50%, 10% state that their profits decreased by 20% and 19% state that their profits re primary(prenominal)ed the same. Only 3% of the interviewed claimed to direct an annex in business profits during the state of emergency 2011. These results were most promising payable to the curfew and ban on pyrotechny associated with the state of emergency. The ban on pyrotechnics would lay down greatly decreased the firework sales during the Divali and Eid seasons.The curfew would find affected the sales of night food vendors and night entertainment indu stry, decreasing sales. somewhat businesses probably change their business hours preventing a drastic decrease in profits. FIGURE 3.0 answered the fleck research question How did the state of emergency impact on the small local businesses in Trinidad? FIGURE 4.0 showed the reasons for the decrease or pluss in business profits during the state of emergency given by the surveyed. A dominating 84% of the interviewed stated that the restricted hours of the state of emergency was responsible for the loss in business. 12% stated that their products or skills were not required during the state of emergency create a loss in business. On the other hand 4% of the interviewed said people spent less cash on socializing during the state of emergency and were able to purchase their products.FIGURE 4.0 aided in answering the second research question. FIGURE 5.0 showed the effects of the state of emergency 2011 on businesses in present day and their opinions of the future. 79% of the intervie wed said that their business government issueed to plebeian profits afterwards the state of emergency had ended. 69% of these persons stated that the return of common business profits was out-of-pocket to the return of regular business hours whilst 31% said that it was receivable to people feeling safer at night after the state of emergency, promoting their business. On the other hand 21% of the interviewed claimed that their business profits did not improve after the state of emergency. All of the interviewed simultaneously said that this was out-of-pocket to persons steady recovering from the state of emergency thus, having less money to spend.The diagram also shows that 23% of the surveyed predicted that there would be an rise in the business domain of Trinidad after the state of emergency, all of whom concur that foreign companies would tend to invest in the economy since the crime situation has been stabalised by the state of emergency. However, the major(ip)ity (77% ) said that the state of emergency would not improve the business sector of Trinidad. 48% of which stated that the medicate kings were turf outd and continue to run the economy whilst 52% stated that the illegal importation of goods still exists do it tough for smaller businesses to make a profit. FIGURE 5.0 helps to answer the second research question.FIGURE 6.0 shows how safe persons snarl during the state of emergency and after. During the state of emergency, 70% of the interviewed felt safer whilst 10% felt less safe. 20% said that they felt no change in safety during that state of emergency. This was most likely as a result of persons feeling safer payable(p) to the fully grown number or arrests made during the state of emergency and the increase in legal philosophy patrols. Other persons may save felt targeted and in danger of the police officers. subsequently the state of emergency, 30% of the interviewed claimed that they felt safer, 53% felt no change in their saf ety whilst 17% felt less safe. Persons may have felt no difference in their safety after the state of emergency since the majority of the detained criminals were released due to a lack of evidence against them. Some may have felt safer due to the continued actions of the protective forces after the state of emergency and some may have felt less safe with the continued increase in gang activities after the state of emergency.FIGURE 6.0 aids in answering the third research question How effective was the state of emergency in its efforts to crack down on crime? FIGURE 7.0 shows the view of the interviewed on whether or not the government should have taken other measures to curb Trinidads crime problem other that the state of emergency. 42% of the interviewed agree, 27% strongly agreed, 22% disagreed and 9% strongly disagreed. FIGURE 7.0 aids in answering the problem statement. FIGURE 8.0 shows the function of persons who thought the state of emergency was beneficial to them as citize ns of Trinidad. 27% of the interviewed thought that the state of emergency was beneficial to them whilst 73% did not. FIGURE 8.0 answered the problem statement.The persons who agreed that state of emergency was not beneficial to them and that other measures should have been taken to cut criminal activity were possibly under the impression that the release of criminals after the state of emergency due to a lack of evidence did not help in eradicating crime scarce bottling it. The people agreed with the state of emergency and thought that it was beneficial to them were most likely appreciative of the macroscopic mass of narcotics and arm seized during the state of emergency as well as the few criminals who were further detained by the police.According to the data obtained, the majority of people were affected by the state of emergency culturally and financially. This was mainly as a result of the ban of pyrotechnics and the compel curfew. The few exceptions were explained by perso ns who were obviously not affected by these impositions or those who change their celebrations and business hours.The majority of people were not in favour of the state of emergency since it seemingly had no long term effect on the crime in Trinidad. A few felt unsafe, stating that they felt targeted by the police, some were indifferent and the others agreed with the state of emergency. They possibly saw the effects of the state of emergency to be sure-fire and were grateful for the efforts taken by the government.DICSUSSION OF FINDINGSAs seen from both the results of the questionnaire and the literature articles, the state of emergency in Trinidad (21st August- 5th December 2011) did have both negative and positive impacts on the lives of the citizens. According to FIGURE 1.0, the state of emergency definitely had a negative impact on two of the most democratic religious festivals of Eid- Ul- Fitr and Divali which are very bouncy to the cultural identity of Trinidad. The interru ptions were mainly due to the proposed curfew and ban of pyrotechnics. The interruption in such events would however not continue since the state of emergency ended on December 5th, 2011 and should not have a enduring destructive effect on culture.On the other hand FIGURE 2.0 showed that the state of emergency had mostly positive effects on family life as explicit in the Prime Ministers State of Emergency Address, which could have potential long term positive effects on culture. Hence, if the state of emergency did have a prominent impact on culture, it would be mostly positive. According to FIGURE 3.0, during the state of emergency local business profits mainly decreased with less than 5% band of the surveyed claiming to see an increase.FIGURE 4.0 explained these decreases in profits to be a result of forced the limited hours of business and the lack of desire for ploughshareicular products and skills. The surveyed claimed their increase in business was mainly due the restricti ng curfew encouraging persons to spend less money on socializing and more money on their products. This data is similar to the statements made by economist Indera Sagewan- Alli who predicted that the state of emergency, mainly its curfew, would have a damage impact on small businesses in Trinidad, harming economic growth.The Governor of the Central Bank, Mr. Ewart Williams however, had a different outlook on the state of emergency. He thought the severe crime situation to be hindering economic growth and saw the state of emergency, if successful, as an avenue to strengthen the business sector of the country. According to FIGURE 5.0 the majority of business profits had returned to normal and in other cases was still suffering from the state of emergency. non one business saw an increase in business profits. The majority of the surveyed predicted no future increase in business profits since the bulk of alleged criminals had been released top into society. The majority of the obtai ned data did not apply Mr. Williams statement. Hence, the state of emergency had a negative impact on the small businesses.The major aim of the state of emergency was to cut down on crime in Trinidad making it a safer home for the citizens. FIGURE 6.0 revealed that the mass of the seek felt safer during the state of emergency, which is most likely a result of mass numbers of alleged criminals detained and weapons seized during the state of emergency. However, after the state of emergency, the greater part of the sample said that they felt no difference in their safety which is most likely a result of the mass of detainees being released back into society. The Police Service Serious Crime Statistics showed no major decrease in criminal activity after the state of emergency nor did the general public feel safer. Hence, at this focus in time the state of emergency had not had a major positive impact on crime.FIGURE 7.0 and FIGURE 8.0 showed that majority of the study thought the sta te of emergency to be non beneficial to them and would have preferred if other measures were taken by the government to curb the crime problem in. To date, there has not been a significant reduction in crime which was the main purpose of the state of emergency. The state of emergency did not only have positive hardly also negative impacts on the small businesses and culture of the people. In the case of this study, the state of emergency was not sincerely beneficial to the citizens of Trinidad.The research conducted therefore concludes that the state of emergency was a poor decision made by the government of Trinidad which had no real effect on criminal activities and hindered the financial and cultural lives of the citizens. Hopefully the research conducted would encourage people to take a closer look at the decisions made by their government and encourage the government to be more cautious when making decisions that could potentially disrupt the lives of a oversized number of p eople for the worse. Also, the findings may be used by other researchers who may to compare the direct impact of the state of emergency to that of the delayed impact of the state of emergency.CONCLUSIONThe purpose of this study was to modulate whether or not the state of emergency 2011 (August 21st- December 5th) was beneficial to the citizens of Trinidad. The state of emergency negatively affected some of the most popular cultural celebrations in Trinidad. It was however not very lengthy and so its associated repercussions would not have had a permanent effect on culture. On the other hand, the state of emergency did benefit family life in most cases, strengthening the value of the institute family. Hence, the state of emergency 2011 had more of a positive impact on culture. The state of emergency had mainly a negative effect on small businesses which were mainly a result of the curfew. later on its end, the majority of small businesses had gone back to their regular turnovers wit h a few exceptions. non one business surveyed had an increase in business profits and the majority did not predict an increase since the event did not provide a significant decrease in the crime rate. Hence, the state of emergency was not beneficial to the majority of small businesses of Trinidad. Through my research, it can be cogitate that the state of emergency was not beneficial to the majority of the citizens of Trinidad and other efforts such as the implementation of other laws with similar but less harsh repercussions to that of the state of emergency would be more advantageous to the citizens.LIMITATIONS end-to-end my research, many limitations were encountered, reducing the accuracy of the study. Firstly, data placid by the means of questionnaires were collected from a sample limited to the townspeople of Marabella a department of the city of San Fernando for golden accessibility. This means that only people in those areas were surveyed, and hence the entire population of San Fernando was not well represented and hence my research may only represent that portion of San Fernando. Also, my sources were very limited due to the fact that the state of emergency 2011 (August 21st- December 5th 2011) was a very recent event and there were not many studies through were present. Hence, the search for appropriate resources was time go through and difficult. Lastly, my domain was a very large one and could not be powerful be represented by my sample size. Hence, the conclusion drawn may not fully represent the entire business community of Trinidad since the sample size was so small, making the conclusion slightly biased.RECOMMENDATIONSWith regard to the topic studied, a number of recommendations can be made The curfew of the state of emergency seemed to cause the majority of the problems and hence, if one were to occur again it should not be tended to(p) by a curfew to prevent negative cultural and economic consequences. The Trinidad and Tobago Police Ser vice should conduct more random yet regular patrols and raids, to cut down on the illegal trade of narcotics and murders. The Anti- Gang Act 2011 and Bail Amendment Act 2011 which are both already- enacted legislations should be used more frequently. These legislations allow for the persons for up to 120 days without bail. Hence, it gives the police service more time to profit appropriate evidence to ensure prosecution of criminals.BIBLIOGRAPHYAnonymous. (2011, August 21st) Breaking news State of emergency declared. Trinidad Express Newspapers. Retrieved January 15th, 2012 from, http//www.trinidadexpress.com/news/BREAKING-NEWS-State-of-Emergency-declared-128160123.html Anonymous. (2011, December 5th) State of emergency ends. C. News. Retrieved January 15th, 2012 from, http//ctntworld.com/LocalArticles.aspx?id=35954 Anonymous. (2012) Policed Service Serious Crime Statistics. Government of the Republic of Trinidad and Tobago. Retrieved meet 18th, 2012 from http//www.ttps.gov.tt/Sta tistics/tabid/141/Default.asp Bridglal, C. (2011, September 6th) State of emergency damaging to the economy. Trinidad Express Newspapers. Retrieved January 15th, 2012 from http//www.trinidadexpress.com/business-magazine/_State_of_emergency__damaging_to_economy_-129350363.html Richards, P. (2011, September 5th) Trinidad State of emergency in more ways than one. worldwide Issues. Retrieved January 15th, 2011 from, http//www.globalissues.org/news/2011/09/05/11066APPENDIXThe questionnaire is for a take research project based on the State of Emergency 21st August- 5th December 2011 in Trinidad. All information will be kept in the strictest confidence. The researcher is grateful for the time and effort you take in completing the questionnaire below. ravish tick the response most likely to be correct.(1)Did the recent state of emergency affect your uncouth cultural celebrations? 0 Yes 0 nary(prenominal)(Move on to question four if your answer is no)(2)If yes, state the cultural celebr ation(s) that was/ were affected by the recent state of emergency.(3)How was/ were these celebration(s) affected by the state of emergency?(4)Do you think the state of emergency was worth the interruption in your usual celebrations? 0 Yes0 No (5)Did the state of emergency have an impact on your family life? 0 Yes, negatively. 0Yes, positively. 0 No. (6)If you chose both yes option in the previous question, in what way did the state of emergency affect your family life?(7)Did the state of emergency have a negative impact on you financially? 0 Yes. 0 No. (8)If you answered yes in the previous question, how did the state of emergency affect you financially?(9) As a business owner, did your usual profits extinguish during the state of emergency? 0 Yes (approx. one hundred%) 0 Yes (approx 20%) 0 Yes (approx. 70%) 0 No.0 Yes (approx. 50%) 0 No. My profits change magnitude by (9) What do you believe was the cause for your decline/ increase in business profits?(10)Since the end of the s tate of emergency, has your business returned to its usual profits? 0 Yes. 0 It has improved. 0 No. (11) If there is an approach in your business, do you think it is due to the state of emergency? State why. 0 Yes. 0 No.(12) Government officials have predicted that there would be an overall improvement in the business sector of the country due to the recent state of emergency. Do you agree? State why.(13) Did you feel safer than usual during the state of emergency? State why. 0 Yes.0 No.0 No I felt more unsafe.(14) Do you feel safer now that the state of emergency has ended? 0 Yes Ifeel safer.0 No.0 No I feel more unsafe.(15) Do you think the state of emergency will improve the crime situation in the country in the long term? 0 Yes, it will improve.0No, there will be no change.0 No, it will deteriorate.(16)Explain your answer for the previous question?(17) Do you think the state of emergency was a solution to the crime problem of Trinidad? 0 Yes.0No.(18)The government should have t aken other measures to curb the crime problem. 0 I agree. 0 I disagree. 0 I strongly agree. 0 I strongly disagree. (19) Do you think the state of emergency was worth the problems faced by the citizens of Trinidad? 0 Yes.0 No.(20)Was the state of emergency beneficial to you as a citizen of Trinidad? 0 Yes. 0 No.