Bank Corruption Literature Review Essay

Bank Corruption Literature Review Essay Bank Corruption Literature Review Essay Example Bank Corruption Literature Review Essay Example Arshad, S., Rizvi, S. (2013). Impact of corruption on bank profitability: An analysis of Islamic banks. International Journal of Business Governance and Ethics, 8(3), 195. The authors of the article discuss the fact of bank corruption on the examples of Islamic countries. The main claim of the article consists in the idea that corruption is one of the most negative social processes that bears negative influence on the economy of the country. Arshad and Rizvi (2013) have a conviction that despite the negative results of the corruption, banks have a tendency to prosper during this process. In addition, the assumption is based on the research conducted on the comparison of the amount of corruption and the banks’ income. The study showed that the more level of corruption in a country is, the more prosperity the banks experience. This assumption can be characterized as a credible one due to the obtained results. Additionally, this idea can be used in the economic planning: the action of corruption has to be moved in the correct direction, which, on the one hand, would control the levels of corruption, and on the other hand, balance its level with banks’ prosperity and have a positive effect on a country’s development. As a consequence, this strategy can be applied to the economic policy regarding various types of regulations aimed at controlling the balance and interaction between corruption and bank system. Bodenhorn, H. (2015). Bank chartering and political corruption in antebellum. National Bureau of Economic Research, Corruption and Reform: Lessons from Americas Economic History, 231-257. Speaking about the types of policy that are called to collaborate with banks and private business, the author of the article regards the notion of corruption in the framework of the contemporary particularities of the economy. Along with this, the authors distinguish the advantages and drawbacks of the democracy as a political power in connection with the banking in the world. Having conducted the research, Bodenhorn (2015) claims that banks have a tendency to â€Å"provide some appreciation for the potential scale for corruption and bribery† (Bodenhorn, 2015, p. 240). In other words, similarly to Arshad and Rizvi, the author sees a great benefit of bank corruption. On the one hand, in the light of bank corruption, there is only one side that suffers a country. On the other hand, the prosperity of the banks is a manifestation of the country’s flourish, in any case. It means that the benefits that can be extracted from bank corruption have to move in the same direction with the stated policy of a country. Applying this point of view to the official policy would contribute to the rising of the taxes and fees payment amount, which is generally acknowledged to be vitally important for a country. Casillas, G., Paredes, D., Cervantes, A., Torres, S. (2015). New measures to fight corruption and conflict of interest. The authors of the article are convinced that corruption should not be regarded as something completely unexpected. They think that corruption is as usual as, for instance, elections or a law-making process. It is necessary to regard this phenomenon from another point of view. The main claim of the article consists in the assumption that it is important to establish a so-called sense of transparency. The more governmental control over economy and bank system is produced, the more exactness and transparency will it provide. This proposal is worth of the further regard since the democracy, as well as the social order established long time ago, needs updating. This presupposes the change of the things and the way of thinking, which had been unsuitable for or not understood by the people. This sort of things comprises of the corruption and its manifestations within society. Certainly, it takes time to create a new system of the policies, which would incorporate the basis and traditions of the former styles of governing. It is necessary, however, to understand the course of time and its particularities, which require to be up-to-date, and to create a system that would provide the successful functioning of a country. Hence, implementing corruption in the bank system of a country will permit to enrich the state budget due to the money incoming. Campos, J., Pradhan, S. (2007). The many faces of corruption. Washington, D.C.: World Bank. The book in question discusses the history of the phenomenon known as corruption. The authors provide a reader with a number of stories that illustrate how corruption was widespread throughout the humankind’s history. Campos and Pradhan (2007) suppose that corruption has always been an integral and inseparable part of the society and politics. As a consequence, the authors have a conviction that bank corruption as a spread particularity of the contemporary society has a right to exist. The essential strategy provided in the book is centered on the assumption that bank corruption should be a legislative phenomenon, which will contributes to the country’s prosperity. Analyzing such an approach, it is possible to draw the conclusion that bank corruption is becoming a positive tendency. Oppositely, the authors believe, corruption has never been a positive phenomenon. The point is that it is an important and complex task for the government to turn it into a useful one and make it bring fruitful results that are expected. In other words, the many challenges that numerous countries of the world are currently facing can be met by making corruption a positive event. Obviously, it is necessary to elaborate a well-laid plan that would be followed during many years. Implementing such a vision of corruption will totally change the world and make it live and function in another way. Johannesson, I., Steendam, M. (2014). Can mobile banking reduce the presence of corruption? A minor field study in Kenya. The article written by Johannesson and Steendam (2014) represents a brand new approach to the notion of corruption. The authors of the article do not state that corruption should be legalized or make an emphasis that it is a positive phenomenon. The solution for the bank corruption proposed in the article is characterized as the most innovative, and it is expected to produce fruitful results. In their article, the authors discuss a multimedia platform known as M-Pesa called to stabilize the country’s financial and economic affairs by controlling and observing the vast sums of money circulating in the banks. This will permit to find and prove the fact of corruption and its amount. In reality, this program can be implied in the majority of the biggest world banks, as well as the banks of the poor countries. The last ones are the most suitable for this program since the phenomenon of corruption is extremely spread within their economies. Implementation of the program is called to serve as a powerful tool in overcoming the negative outcomes of corruption. Kolstad, I., Fritz, V., O’Neil, T. (2008). Corruption, anti-corruption efforts and aid: Do donors have the right approach. The article in question represents a result of the project conducted in order to establish the linkage between effective governance principles and the poverty rates decrease. The authors have a conviction that corruption is a mechanism that lies between these two aspects. It has neither positive nor negative impact. This phenomenon, in the authors’ opinion, is called to divide the countries into such categories as poor, developing or rich. Bank corruption as an essential part of the overall corruption serves, in addition to this, as a tool that shows whether a country is able to transcend from one class to another and indicates what amount of attempts should be taken. This approach is based on the research conducted and the results obtained. According to its results, the constantly growing interest in corruption is determined by the necessity of it reduction or making it play a role of contributing factor in a country’s economy. The ideas presented in the article can be interpreted in a dual way; however, it is necessary to understand that such a vision of corruption in the bank area is worth of implementing in order to help overcome poverty in the countries that experience it. Krudop, J. (2010). Surviving financial corruption: The attack of a rogue bank. Tate Publishing. The book under analysis represents a financial and economic issue of bank corruption experienced in the USA. The book is built as a memoir with scientific explanations and proofs of the phenomenon of bank corruption. The author states that the essential idea here is not to struggle against it, but change the way of thinking in such a way that would make bank corruption work for the benefit of the country. Such an approach is one of the most progressive, and it summarizes the ideas of the mentioned above articles and books, which state that the best way to stop any socially acknowledged negative phenomena is to legalize them. Having the bank corruption legalized will, first and foremost, stop the fact of struggling; secondly, it will direct the flows of money into the necessary areas. As a consequence, the states and countries will have an extra income for their local and central budgets. This fact is called to contribute to the growth of economy and industry, improving people’s quality of life. The process of changing the understanding of corruption within banks will implement the newer vision of bank system. Capitalism, as the author has a conviction, has two ways to exist nowadays: on the one hand, it can stay the same and stop its existing by self-destruction; on the other hand, it can be reborn by the numerous and absolute changes, which would take place not only in the external part of the human life and activity, but inside the human mind. Manacorda, S., Forti, G., Centonze, F. (2014). Preventing corporate corruption. Cham: Springer International Publishing. The book regards the bank corruption at the international level and explains the reasons of its beginning, evolution and thriving. Along with this, the authors make an emphasis on the examples of international bank corruption and show the consequences they have on a single country and international relations. The authors have distinguished a so-called Anti-Bribery Corruption Model, whose main idea and principle of work consists in preventing corruption inside the private companies, firms, organizations and corporations. This, as the authors believe, will contribute to the improvement of economic situation and will establish stability. Analyzing this tool, one can think that is really likely to work and perform great results. (This had been proved due to its usage by several US companies, the majority of which was represented by banks). Implementing this program into all the banks functioning in the USA, for instance, will save an incredibly large amount of money. In other words, the states and central government will have financial benefits manifold larger than they currently have. It means that the proper application of the method is able to improve a great number of social life areas and the quality of citizens’ lives. Olken, B., Pande, R. (2011). Corruption in developing countries. Abdul Latif Jameel Poverty Action Lab’S Governance Initiative, August. The article represents an innovative look at bank corruption and explains the ways it will function in the future. The advantage of the article is that it provides a reader with a number of definitions of corruption in order to investigate the ways it influences economy and the methods that are likely to be applied to overcome it. The key point of the article consists in the idea that â€Å"bureaucratic corruption takes place at the implementation end of public policies† (Olken Pande, 2011, p. 4). In other words, the authors have a conviction that corruption brings decline in whatever field of human activity and it has to be stopped. The ways to do this can be numerous. One of the most effective one, in accordance with the authors, consists in the improvement of the law system. Furthermore, the authors suggest widely using the most recent technological devices called to contribute to prevention of corruption. This idea can be characterized as useful; however, it does not provide an innovative way of look at the problem, i.e. it is mainly based on the traditional way of struggle against corruption, which is not acknowledged as an effective or fruitful one. It means that this is not enough to change or fix the law system – it is more important to change human outlook and perception of the outcomes that corruption results in.

The History of Japanese Ninjas

The History of Japanese Ninjas The ninja of movies and comic books- a stealthy assassin in black robes with magical abilities in the arts of concealment and murder- is very compelling, to be sure. But the historical reality of the ninja is somewhat different. In feudal Japan, ninjas were a lower class of warriors often recruited by samurai and governments to act as spies. Origins of the Ninja It is difficult to pin down the emergence of the first ninja, more properly called shinobi- after all, people around the world have always used spies and assassins. Japanese folklore states that the ninja descended from a demon that was half man and half crow. However, it seems more likely that the ninja slowly evolved as an opposing force to their upper-class contemporaries, the samurai, in early feudal Japan. Most sources indicate that the skills that became ninjutsu, the ninjas art of stealth, began to develop between 600 to 900. Prince Shotoku, who lived from 574 to 622, is said to have employed Otomono Sahito as a shinobi spy. By the year 907, the Tang Dynasty in China had fallen, plunging the country into 50 years of chaos and forcing Tang generals to escape over the sea to Japan where they brought new battle tactics and philosophies of war. Chinese monks also began to arrive in Japan in the 1020s, bringing new medicines and fighting philosophies of their own, with many of the ideas originating in India  and making their way across Tibet and China before turning up in Japan. The monks taught their methods to Japans warrior-monks, or yamabushi, as well as to members of the first ninja clans. The First Known Ninja School For a century or more, the blend of Chinese and native tactics that would become ninjutsu developed as a counter-culture, without rules. It was first formalized by Daisuke Togakure and Kain Doshi around the 12th century. Daisuke had been a samurai, but he was on the losing side in a regional battle and forced to forfeit his lands and his samurai title. Ordinarily, a samurai might commit seppuku under these circumstances, but Daisuke did not. Instead, in 1162, Daisuke wandered the mountains of southwest Honshu where he met Kain Doshi, a Chinese warrior-monk. Daisuke renounced his bushido code, and together the two developed a new theory of guerrilla warfare called ninjutsu. Daisukes descendants created the first ninja ryu, or school, the Togakureryu. Who Were the Ninja? Some of the ninja leaders, or jonin, were disgraced samurai like Daisuke Togakure that had lost in battle or had been renounced by their daimyo but fled rather than committing ritual suicide. However, most ordinary ninjas were not from the nobility. Instead, low-ranking ninjas were villagers and farmers who learned to fight by any means necessary for their own self-preservation, including the use of stealth and poison to carry out assassinations. As a result, the most famous ninja strongholds were the Iga and Koga Provinces, mostly known for their rural farmlands and quiet villages. Women also served in ninja combat. Female ninja, or kunoichi, infiltrated enemy castles in the guise of dancers, concubines, or servants who were highly successful spies and sometimes even acted as assassins as well. Samurai Use of the Ninja The samurai lords could not always prevail in open warfare, but they were constrained by bushido, so they often hired ninjas to do their dirty work. Secrets could be spied out, opponents assassinated, or misinformation planted, all without sullying a samurais honor. This system also transferred wealth to the lower classes, as the ninja were paid handsomely for their work. Of course, a samurais enemies could also hire ninja, and as a result, the samurai needed, despised, and feared the ninja- in equal measure. The ninja high man, or jonin, gave orders to the chunin  (middle man), who passed them on to the genin, or the ordinary ninja. This hierarchy was also, unfortunately, based on the class the ninja had come from before training, but it wasnt uncommon for a skilled ninja to ascend the ranks well beyond his or her social class. The Rise and Fall of the Ninja The ninja came into their own during the tumultuous era between 1336 and 1600. In an atmosphere of constant war, ninja skills were essential for all sides, and they played a key role in the Nanbukucho Wars (1336–1392), the Onin War (1460s), and the  Sengoku Jidai, or Warring States Period- where they aided samurai in their internal power struggles. The ninja were an important tool during the Sengoku Period (1467-1568), but also a destabilizing influence. When warlord Oda Nobunaga emerged as the strongest daimyo and began to reunite Japan in 1551–1582, he saw the ninja strongholds at Iga and Koga as a threat, but despite quickly defeating and co-opting the Koga ninja forces, Nobunaga had more trouble with Iga.​ In what would later be called the Iga Revolt or Iga No Run, Nobunaga attacked the ninja of Iga with an overwhelming force of more than 40,000 men. Nobunagas lightning-quick attack on Iga forced the ninja to fight open battles, and as a result, they were defeated and scattered to nearby provinces and the mountains of Kii. While their base was destroyed, the ninja did not vanish entirely. Some went into the service of Tokugawa Ieyasu, who became shogun in 1603, but the much-reduced ninja continued to serve on both sides in various struggles. In one famous incident from 1600, a ninja snuck through a group of Tokugawas defenders at Hataya castle and planted the flag of the besieging army high on the front gate. The Edo Period under the Tokugawa Shogunate  from 1603–1868 brought stability and peace to Japan, bringing the ninja story to a close. Ninja skills and legends survived, though, and were embellished to enliven the movies, games, and comic books of today.

Elisa and Ellen Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1750 words

Elisa and Ellen - Essay Example From this paper it is clear that Elisa has quietly asked her boss to consider extending her health benefits to her spouse and this is still in negotiation. Elisa and Ellen have been together for seven years. They are committed same sex partners and they have a home together. They were "married" after five years and they have lived as any heterosexual couple would live. They understand that there are no laws that protect them but Ellen works only part-time because she is also going to school to gain her bachelors degree. Elisas firm offers academic reimbursement and healthcare to the spouses of heterosexual couples but they do not extend them to homosexuals. They do not have to offer these benefits and most do not. Elisa may have to take a few days off from work when Ellen has the baby which would be allowable if they were a heterosexual couple. Elisa will have to take her vacation days if she wants to take off because there are no provisions for partner leave. Most benefits are given to "married couples" when someone works in a job and gays and lesbians cannot marry in most states. Beyond healthcare and leave, there are other issues of retirement income. Currently Ellen would not be able to collect retirement benefits if something happened to Elisa because they are not married. Although Elisa can make Ellen the beneficiary there are no laws that would give her the retirement if someone from Elisas family would contest it.

Security Program Case Study Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1750 words

Security Program - Case Study Example The organization under analysis is the New York public library. In this organization, security issues are taken into account as the library gather and keep personal data of users and their personal information. The New York public library consists of several branches and departments; it has regional branches and has more than 43,975,362 items. The library computerized its lending services in order to improve customer service and improve its routine work. The security program is aimed to protect users from unauthorized access to their information and protect library from attacks. Beyond that, however, all staff-especially those who deal with personal data regularly-need to be aware of what they are allowed to do, what they are not allowed to do, what security procedures they are expected to follow, and whom to ask if they are in any doubt. There must be policies spelling out what is expected, opportunities for staff to know what those policies are and what procedures are required to implement them, and regular checks on whether the policies and procedures are being followed (Data Security and Protection 2008). The security program was implemented 5 years ago. It is supposed that the biggest risk to security is almost always staff. The damage they do can be deliberate-stealing information about people, such as business contacts they want to use for their own purposes, for example, or trashing the database out of frustration on being demoted. More often it is un-thinking or inadvertent-giving information over the telephone to someone who shouldn't have it, leaving confidential files on their kitchen table for a neighbour to see when they are working at home, or chatting in the canteen about a user's borrowing habits where other people can overhear. Even with external threats, the accepted wisdom is that anyone trying to gain access is more likely to succeed by tricking staff into giving away vital information than by hacking straight into computer (Data Security and Protection 2008). The first line of defense is therefore to ensure that staff are aware of the possibilities and operate withi n a culture where information, and especially personal data, is handled carefully and responsibly. To support them, employees should take measures that make it as easy as possible for them to do the right thing. At the same time employees should not be over-anxious. Security measures must be appropriate to the threat, not 100% perfect every time. (Even government security agencies have been known to lose vital information held on laptop computers.) The kind of things the responsible person at the departmental level should be looking at include (Baschab et al 2007; The New York Public Library 2008). In the New York public library, one area that often gives rise to concern is e-mail. Although the dangers can be exaggerated, it is important to be aware that e-mail is inherently insecure. E-mails themselves may constitute personal data if the addressee is identifiable. More importantly, if e-mail is used for sending personal data to other people, some thought should be given as to whether it should be encrypted. A special attention is given to the information department of a charity. A new computer system is introduced for holding details of telephone enquiries, which

Marketing concepts And Strategies Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 750 words

Marketing concepts And Strategies - Essay Example The best way of advertising is through print and broadcast media. 2. In a passage of time we have become the conspirators of reproduction generation by generation. The consumers were attracted by the item and bonded with memories of commercial culture. At present, the marketing strategy for selling product is to lure them for branded products; play in branded spaces and exposing them to TV channel. The marketers and advertising agencies work and trade on psychology of consumers for marketing their product. As the VP of a large retailer of men's suits I would introduce branded products so that all classes of people can visit and shop. 3. Marketers spend and invest lots of money in developing strategies of different methods to attract consumers towards their product and capitalize the opportunities to make or amass money. The marketers conduct research to defend, develop counter measures to meet the market competition. The ability of the youth to remove and neutralize the technique of advertising is snubbed by the other agency so as to increase the sale of their product. In the market, the Internets are counteracted by the appearance of e-commerce web sites. In the present marketing world aggressive marketing is the new mantra. Due to the changing trends and tastes of customers the best possible strategies are to explore new ways of marketing. Advertising, considerably slashing the prices of the commodities, increasing the discount rates, aggressive marketing, etc., are the methods that should be used by Apple to stay in the extremely competitive market. 4. Childhood is a creative, innovative and generative. In the society the child consumers are more than adult consumers. The marketing strategy is to attract children by making publicity of the gaming product through media. The producers and marketers display the products in supermarkets and departmental stores for sale. The best strategy is to have a good impression on parents because they are the persons who decide what to purchase for their children. Business to Consumer (B2C): In B2C e-commerce, business uses the Net for offering their products or services to consumers 24 hours a day from any part of the world. B2C portals are the most visible face of e-commerce. 5. Efficiency of management: The purpose of financial statement analysis is to know that the financial policies adopted by the management are efficient or not. Analysis also helps the management in preparing annuity products. It also helps the management to find out the shortcomings so that remedial measures can be taken to remove these shortcomings. Analysis also helps in taking decisions: a) Whether funds required for the retirement services are provided from internal resources of the business or not. b) How much funds have been raised from external sources. Reference Louis E. Boone & David L. Kurtz. Contemporary Marketing. New York: South-WesternCollege Pub. 2004.

Self Appraisal for Career Development

Self Appraisal for Career Development Introduction Professional development is essential to career progression. Since todays working environment is becoming increasingly more complex, professionals face the challenge of managing the knowledge of multiple disciplines and systems and the ever changing interrelationships between them. There are a range of methods for managing professional development and it is important from both a professional and personal perspective to ensure that efforts are effective. The report below includes some of the methods used by a section manager who works for Selfridges department store. Task 1 Personal and Carrier Development Self Appraisal Self appraisal is an essential part of the Performance appraisal process where the employee able to gives the feedback of day to day activities by himself or his views and points regarding his performance. Usually this is done with the help of a self appraisal form where the employee rates himself on various parameters, tells about his training needs, if any, talks about his accomplishments, strengths, weaknesses, problems faced etc. Most of the performance management systems use self appraisals as one of its key processes. The main benefit of the self appraisal system is that even though it is not formal in every organisation, it provides an excellent foundation to the employees performance review. On the other hand it allows the management to understand the employees impression about the organisation and take decisions of his or her career progress. However there are some limitations in this method as well. Primarily it doesnt help employee to create an influential brand for him or herself that will stick in the mind of the boss. Employee needs to use the appraisal process to influence the boss to think about him or her in terms of the key capabilities/attributes that make him or her special and effective. Self Appraisal for a Sales Assistant Job information Employee: Michael Didenko Company: Selfridges Department store Position Title: Section Manager Review Period: three months from induction Office: London Oxford street branch Department: Mens Section: Mens Products Report to: Department Manager (Roger Newell) Job descriptions and responsibilities There are four main areas included in this role. Firstly Sales and provision of service which includes Receives and approaches clients, Leads a sales discussion, continues to ask questions to discover customer needs and receives complaints or is involved in it. Secondly Receipt and processing of goods where responsibilities of receiving and storing of goods involves as well as management of inventory. Thirdly, concluding of sales transactions which include Making the cash point and system ready to use and managing the point of sale system and most importantly the management of employee activities including the leading of team towards greater performance, recruiting, allocating work tasks, supervising, motivating and liaising with other managers. Specify ways that you feel you met or exceeded job requirements and any reasons why. Can be satisfies as the questioning of customers in order to determine the needs of customers came up with positive feedback. Store managed to create special customised services using the findings of myself. Became the section of the department which has done highest sales in two consecutive weeks after two months of starting job. I feel that our sections customer service in a good level as for the last three month period I have received no complaints but 11 mentioned compliments. Specify the ways that you feel you did not meet job requirements and any reasons why. Sometimes it feels hard to meet up company promotional policy due to personal marketing attitude. Still not excellent in inventory due the large variety. In what specific areas would you like to improve your job performance? Inventory Management techniques Presentation skills Quality of the retail management Team working List the steps you would like to take to improve your preparation for future opportunities. Get involved in the performance workshops Use the company training and development criteria effectively Learn retail management independently What job-related goals would you like to accomplish in the next 12 months? Get excellent inventory management skills. Trained to become a Department supervisor. Soon after finish the degree, get selected to the company graduate scheme. List additional items you would like to discuss. Would like to know about the goods ordering system for the entire deparmrnt and womans department of the company as a career development. Sample Curriculum Vitae Personal profile Young, dynamic BA Undergraduate seeking a career leads to management and administration. Good team worker who enjoys learning via experience. Keen to develop skills in all aspects of life and will work hard to achieve the desired goals. Able to work on own initiative or as part of a team and can deal with administrative duties competently. Employment record 2008 To Date: Selfridges Department Store Section Sales Manager Keeping up with key trends and have the confidence to suggest alternatives as well as maximising sales of cooperating brands. This is a great opportunity for Dealing with merchandising standards and deliveries, embracing teamwork, effective communication and supporting the retail management team. 2005 2008: Marriott Hotel, Cheshunt, Hertfordshire Front Office Colleague Managed and provided front of house services including reception, meeting room hospitality and key administration functions in a fast moving environment. This position has given a great opportunity to deliver the highest levels of customer service and professionalism to employees and visitors. 2003- 2005: Fenwicks Ltd, Brent Cross, London- Customer Service Advisor Served at the frontline, represented the service and brand values to an excellent and consistent level for the customers. Had an excellent knowledge of maximizing sales potential through the effective day-to-day management of the relationship with customers from initial sales enquiry, through to order and delivery. This position has greatly developed my communication skills and how to deal with customers efficiently and accurately. Educational Qualifications 2008-2010: BA (Hones) Business Management University of Sunderland The course covered an in-depth study of management theories and practice. In addition over the three year period it emphasises abilities to organise, monitor, control and develop best practice in the management of organisations whilst providing a thorough understanding of the business environment. Major study areas include, Managing Projects Marketing Strategies Strategic Management of People Financial Management Contemporary Developments in Business and Management Strategic Management Additional Skills Excellent experiences in Team work since the college period. Good communication skills through oral and visual presentations. Remarkable computer skills, including information management. Good at being responsible since college. Experienced in several social fieldwork and Charity Work Interests, Activities Other Information Member of the Cancer Society in UK. Member of the College swimming team, prefects guild and athletic squad Enjoy travelling, music and time out with friends as opportunity for new experience and meeting new people. Personal Development Plan DEVELOPMENT OBJECTIVE STAGES INVOLVED PROPOSED ACTIONS TO BE ACHIEVED BY RESOURCES REQUIRED Supervisory/section management skills  · Authority  · Responsibility  · Delegation  · Communication  · Time management Increase the management skills in order to ease the decision making process, actions can be taken as use training courses, delivering training to other staff, professional reading and shadowing management staff. 1 year * Organisational training scheme * Skills audit with the help of Department Manager * Other learning resources * Management Meetings Promotional Knowledge  · Sales and marketing  · Pricing  · Promotion  · Customer service  · Product and environment Can use training courses, consumer analysis, marketing analysis, management programmes, delegate with the staff on marketing perspective and knowledge of the similar sections 6 months 1 Marketing / Promotional Policy 2 Professional marketing courses 3 Customer feedbacks 4 Training modules Inventory knowledge  · First in first out  · Last in first out  · Average cost Training courses, understanding organisational statements, always involve in stock calculation, one to one discussions with higher management and knowledge of the ordering and sales of the section. 6 months 5 Stock management courses 6 Income and cash flow statements 7 Inventory policy 8 Order document 9 Stock calculation documents Interpersonal skills  · Communication/Interview skills  · Relationships  · Personal impact  · Conflict management Training courses, start of the day team talks, extra activities, build up strong relationships with supervisors and staff and be passionate. 3 month 10 Self Appraisal 11 Training courses 12 Professional reading materials Task 2 Evaluate Progress Evaluating progress is essential to staying on target. The Evaluation results and information gathered during the formal review process is used by many organizations to create new action plans, identify best practices, and set new performance goals. Most of the organisations urge its employees to have personal or pre structured evaluation reports in order keep track of their progress. In this way employees can simplify their way forward on achieving planned targets. This procedure work well in Selfridges and sample evaluation plan for the section manager in mens department is given below. Skill Evaluation Revision Management Skills Section manager development programme is completed and found very effective. Delivering the training to the staff found slightly difficult as very experienced workers have more skills than young managers. Other sections management is very helpful. Need to have more briefings. More management training will provide successful background. Aim: Assist to become the best department consecutively. Promotional Knowledge Market and consumer analysis is undergoing successfully. Yet it is still hard to make a impact on the overall promotions. Ideas of the sale staff and the theories of the marketing staff clash often. More marketing knowledge needed as a section manager. Regular sales promotions will be needed in the section. Aim: To make mens products section more popular in the whole store. Inventory Knowledge Inventory knowledge is increasing slowly but steadily. It seems that this problem is more personal due to the new arrivals and the amount of variety. Stock control is successful so far. Need to concentrate harder. Revising inventory reports will be helpful. Aim: Reduce wastage level of the section to a minimum. Interpersonal Skills Personally satisfied with the time relationships and the conflict management although if try harder can gain maximum out of the more experienced workers. Professional management course is undergoing. Communication should is not directed to the correct receiver several times. Have to maintain a clear communication policy. Team effort should be maximised. Aim: Create one of the best teams of the entire chain. Above evaluation plan is a single review of the ongoing processes depending on the personal development plan. Carrying out a regular reviewing process will assist to enhance the overall output in order to reach the set objectives. Some of the methods can be used are given below. Regular Observations Monthly action plans Weekly customer questioners Staff questioners at least at least every three months Progress reports Annual health checks There are many methods that different organisations use. Given examples above the once that Selfridges regularly use. Task 3 Interpersonal and Transferable Business Skills Problem recognition Lack of Motivation among the employees of Mens products section can be identified as one of the leading problem of the department. If this condition is not reasonably identified and solved properly, it can be spread to the other departments of the store and made an impact on the competitive advantage of the whole company. Analysis After recognising the problem, before finding the solution it is wise step to analyse the background of the problem. There are many reasons to the of motivation in the department. The company is well known for the employment of young energetic people, however there are many experienced people working among them from a long period. Most of this people are almost elderly people and some of them are working as supervisors. Comparing to the young and new starters these experienced people has high knowledge but lack of motivation due several reasons such as, Being unable to see future reward Lack of need Being indifferent Not having plans and Feeling depressed After carefully analysing the reasons it is clear that these matters of should be answered correctly in order to reduce the division of the team and motivate every single employee to gain a sales increase. Solutions In some companies the new starters have lack of motivation due to low ability although in Selfridges it can be clearly seen that the problem is among the well experienced staff. This is surely a major threat however solutions are not that hard. The most important step is to create enjoyable working conditions. This has to be done by the management with the close involvement of the staff. Some social events can bring up the whole department together and can renew the relationships among them self. Creating small sub groups within the department with a mixture of old and new staff and empower them as well as reward the groups will bring the motivation in to a new level. At the same time experienced staff should be rewarded at every possible time to boost up their working energy and to give a good example to the new starters. On the other hand the management should admire these experienced staff every time while setting up goals for them to lead the new staff. This can be seen as a recr eating a team to increase the productivity. Communication within the department In any organisation People have a basic need to know what is going on around them. Employees need to feel comfortable that their managers will share relevant information with them about the company, and about their performance and position within the organization. Having a properly described communication plan with clear channels will make this whole effort much easier and important information will pass easily. The communication strategy within the mens products section is fairly clear in Selfridges and normally exert in three levels within the section managers role. Communication between the section staff and the section manager and supervisors Link between the other section managers Departmental level and higher level management communication. At the first level communication mediums are much straight forward and sometimes informal. Most of the day to day businesses delivered verbally or orally between small groups of members of the staff. Majority of these messages are face to face and section manager is always clear about the actions. It is much easier because the communicated messages can be always adjusted at this level and therefore can be delivered effectively. Section manager uses his interpersonal skills to create an excellent social and work background to facilitate the smooth running of the sections aspects. On the other hand, the second level which connects the fellow section managers and line managers together is not simple as the first one. Although the members of this level share similar characteristics among them there are situations that communication may fail due to the different responsibilities. However again at this levels more face to face and telephone methods are used to communicate which makes easier environment to get linked. Thirdly the department and higher level management communication is different from both of the levels above. At departmental level oral and written communication levels are used more regularly because of the distance between the parties are low. Very high communicative and interpersonal required at this level but different from the first level because the section managers interpersonal skills level represent the entire sections reputation within the department. Communication within the other departments and the higher management will be happening under one way or two way systems most of the times. This Part of the procedure is much formal than any other level therefore very high and clear interpersonal levels will be needed. Time Management Every minute spent in mistaken or incorrect way is a time that effects negatively on the productivity. In any company managing the time of its tasks is a major requirement, as carefully planned schedule will ease the day to day and future responsibilities. In addition managing the time effectively will reduce stress levels of the employees, improve their well-being, and increase focus on the job and productivity. Yet many people in the section managers position often run out of time due the low time management skills. Some of the points given below can be used as good time management strategies. Create a Monthly Schedule Asses and plan the work load each week Adjust the plan everyday Evaluate the plan regularly By looking at above four strategies it might feel that monthly schedule will not be enough to plan and assist the companys strategic objectives. However by planning the time monthly basis and braking down to smaller tasks will help to keep track record easily and concentrate on every responsibility. Task 4 Self Managed Learning Learning Learning at Work gives the opportunity to individually alter a route to a more recognised level using the tasks that complete as part of the current role, so both the person and business benefit. It is an important professional experience which uses a unique framework and work-based projects while giving the chance to interact with other work colleagues unlike academic learning. Learning benefits the section mangers position in many ways. Some of them are, Assessing current work practices and relevant industry experience Evaluating personal, professional and career objectives. Identifying the strategic directions and priorities of the employer Negotiating your own learning plan Organising work-based projects Recording progress and achievements All these benefits can be achieved by using three different methods of learning experiences which are, Learning from the current job Learning through experience and Learning through skills and knowledge Learning Cycle and learning Styles Traditionally, learning has been associated with reading books, attending courses and lectures, etc. However in this fast moving world it has been realised that , learning should be more durable and lifelong and therefore much logical systems should be used. Learning cycle can be identified as an illustration of a engaging and integrating learning methods so that it affects not only thinking but also the behaviour. Many philosophers have explained many learning cycles although the one that David Kolb published in 1984 the most popular. Kolbs learning cycle is illustrated below and explained. Kolb identifies four different stages of the learning cycle as below. Concrete Experience The cycle starts with doing something in which the individual, team or organisation are allocated a task. Key to learning therefore is active participation. Reflective Observation In this stage the person who actually on the learning cycle stepping back from doing and reviewing what has been done and experienced. Abstract Conceptualisation At this stage the learner makes comparisons between what they have done, reflect upon and what they already know. Active Experimentation The final stage of the learning cycle is when the learner considers how they are going to put what they have learnt into practice. In other words it is a way of planning. According to Kolb different people naturally prefer a certain single different learning style. Furthermore he identifies four different styles as below. Diverging Divergers take experiences and think deeply about them, thus moves away from a single experience to multiple possibilities. Assimilating Assimilators greatest strength lies in the ability to create theoretical models. Ideas and concepts are more important than people and require good clear explanation rather than practical opportunity. Converging Converger likes finding practical uses for ideas and theories, evaluating consequences and selecting solutions. Again this type of learner does not prefer interpersonal situations or people connections, instead they like technical uses. Accommodating This learner uses trial and error rather than thought and reflection. He is good at adapting to changing circumstances and get on well with the people. Honey and Mumford styles of learning illustrate the same actions as above however the names they used are different. The similarity can be given as below. Activist = Accommodating Reflector = Diverging Theorist = Assimilating Pragmatist = Converging Presentation Using the Personal Development Plan The presentation slides given below is an explanation of the development objectives given in the personal development plan. In other words they can be identified as the learning tasks which lie among the learning styles. These presentation slides are very useful to submit progress to the higher management and delivering training to the staff. Conclusion Professional development is an important and very useful part of a managers career. Managers must be aggressive and focused in their objectives for professional development. In addition it is their duty to keep the reputation of their position by using different learning systems that are already available. Carefully managed professional development process can be identified as the key aspect of any managers career. The report undertook above was an independent document of a section managers personal and professional development criteria. Bibliography David Kolb, Experiential Learning: Experience as the Source of Learning and Development (1984), FT Prentice Hall Grainger, P., Managing People: Your Self-development Action Plan (1994), Kogan Page Parsole, E. Coaching and Mentoring: Practical Methods to Improve Learning (2000), Kogan Page Hayes, J. Interpersonal Skills at Work (2002), Routledge (NY) HNC/HND Course Book http://books.google.co.uk/books?client=firefox-ahl=en http://bsspdl.wordpress.com/2008/04/22/kolb-learning-cycle-2/ http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Learning_styles http://labspace.open.ac.uk/file.php/3228/E838_1_Section11.pdf http://www.ericdigests.org/pre-9215/guide.htm www.businesslink.gov.uk www.selfridges.com

Red Badge Of Courage Essay -- essays research papers

  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  The Red Badge of Courage by Stephan Crane traces the effects of war on a Union Soldier, Henry Fleming, from his dreams of soldiering, to his actual enlistment, and through several battles of the Civil War. Henry Fleming was not happy with his boring life on the farm. He wanted to become a hero in war and be praised and honored for his glorious achievements in battle. He knew his mother would not like to see him go to war, but it was his decision to make. He dreamed of the exciting battles of war and the thrill of marching. He didn't want to stay on the farm living his benign life making rounds and completing chores. He made the final decision to enlist. Once enlisted though, Henry learns the truths of war: its dreary, tiring, gruesome, and well, boring. He finds he spends most of his days with simply nothing to do. He manages to make friends with two other soldiers, John Wilson and Jim Conklin. John Wilson is a soldier who protrudes a boastful, and pragmatic attitude, though he quickly falls to become a soldier of compassion after realizing his own mortality in battle. Wilson was as excited about going to war as Henry, while Jim, the â€Å"Tall Soldier,† was confident about the success of the new regiment. Jim, portrays the tall, confident, veteran soldier, experienced and shows no fear. The death of Jim leads to the downfall of Wilson, having seen that such a wise soldier can be killed, then certainly the same fate awaited each and every other.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚     Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  After a few days in the regiment, Henry started to realize, that their regiment was just wandering aimlessly, going in circles, like a vast blue demonstration. They kept marching on without purpose, direction, and without fighting. Through time Henry started to think about the battles in a different way, a more close and experienced way, he started to become afraid that he might run from battle when duty calls. He felt like a servant doing whatever his superiors told him. When the regiment finally discovers a battle taking place, Jim gives Henry a little packet in a yellow envelope, telling Henry that this will be his first and last battle. The regiment managed to hold off the rebels for the first charge, but then... ...ens almost every day in every country. Some men are like Henry, lost, almost bored looking for something more that will give meaning to their life. Some are like Wilson, ready to fight for their country, overcome with political pride. Yet again, some are like Jim, older, wiser, and maybe following paternal footsteps. No matter what the situation, no matter what the era or century, no matter who the soldier, you gain an experience not unlike that of Henry. This book may not contain the surrender of Robert E. Lee, and may not have been written in the 1860’s, but it doesn’t take dates and legalities to portray the emotion and truth of the Civil War. Stephen Crane did just that and whether or not you are heading off to battle, I recommend this book to teach you how to look inside to your own immortality and your own fears and strengths- they’re all there, they just need to be realized.  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚     Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  

Reality TV Essay

Unscripted program, real people NOT actors in a specific environment Normal people with no discernible talent, no discernible insights, but who are willing, eager to be seen and heard living their own life. -â€Å"real life† television is filmed with out stoppage time, and then edited to catch the viewers eye -certifiable global pop-culture phenomenon Reality TV comes is all different forms now from daily life of real people such as Big Brother and Jersey Shore, sports shows, business shows like undercover boss and dirtiest jobs, talent shows such as American Idol and Dancing with the stars, family shows John and Kate plus 8, and motivational shows like biggest loser and survivor. – This eventually led to being filmed and put on TV in 1948. â€Å"Candid Camera† (CQ researcher: Reality TV: Maryann Haggerty -In 1989 COPS came on air because of the writers guild of American strike. This show followed police during their daily activities. It began with no music or narration just a simple camera following a police. -Over on ABC, beginning in 1990, people were turning their own cameras on family and pets to make â€Å"America’s Funniest Home Videos -In 1992, reality TV was a novelty. In 2000, it was a fad. In 2010, it’s a way of life. Time Magazine article – It wasn’t until the premiere of ‘The Real World’ on MTV in 1992 that we began to witness the emergence of many of the textual characteristics that would come to define the genre’s current format,† -In 2008, the Emmys awarded a stature to the best host of a reality TV show for the first time, which was exciting news to all†¦ – -ABC NBC Fox MTV CBS – -In 2010 Reality TV is now a valid career choice. The New York Times estimated that at any given time, there are 1,000 people on air as reality TV stars. Topic 3: Addictiveness of Reality TV – One reason for their popularity is financial: an hour of reality can cost a few hundred thousand dollars, compared to the one to three million for a scripted drama. – But part of the reason fans become involved in the show is that they get invested in the good guys and bad guys. -That’s how people watch reality TV: you can doubt it, interrogate it, talk back to it, believe it, or not.

buy custom Acute Respiratory Track Infections essay

buy custom Acute Respiratory Track Infections essay Question One Acute respiratory track infections are extremely contagious. Parents and other grown us often know how they can prevent the infections from spreading. However, for children might be difficult. What are the measures to be taken to prevent spreading of infections from children? a) Children should be washed hands completely, disposal of all tissues and restrict any sharing of cups for children who are sick b) Take the children in a crowded place c) Educate the children on how to wipe their nose on holding their mouth d) Limit movement for all children Answer (a) Rationale Researchers argue that children do not know how to avoid infections because they tend to forget unlike adults. For this reason, it is better to help the prevent diseases because they might lead more infections. Page 1305 Question Two Acute respiratory track infections are extremely difficult to prevent. For children it is hard because they lack complete immune systems since it has not developed fully. For this reason, they need proper measures to prevent infections. What are the measures to be taken to prevent spread of infection? a) Isolation of all children who are sick b) Cleanliness should be maintained continuously while avoiding secretion from infected children c) Use of antibiotic to prevent other children from being infected d) Limit movement of children Answer (b) Rationale This ensures that there are minimal infections spreading to child since they are the most vulnerable as compared to adults. Page 1310 Question Three Tonsils are among the infections affecting children. When children are given medical attention in the hospitals, parents are usually given guidelines to sue when they go home. What are the guidelines provided to parents when they go home? Answer a) Parents should avoid gurgling, vigorous brushing of teeth and use of ice coolers b) Parents should limit children movement to ease pain c) Parents should limit infected children from talking d) Parents should allow children to take what they want but they should not drink hot drinks Answer (a) Rationale For the purposes of ensuring that, no more infections will take place when the child goes home for parental care. Page 1313 Question Four What are the various types of pneumonia? Answer a) High fever pneumonia, lobar pneumonia b) Bronchus pneumonia, seasonal pneumonia c) Lobar Pneumonia, Bronchopneumonia and Interstitial Pneumonia d) Seasonal pneumonia Answer (c) Rationale To educate parents the different types of pneumonia so that they can know what their children are suffering. Additionally, they would know care to give their children. Page 1324 Question Five What is the nursing care for children infected with severe acute respiratory syndrome? Answer Hand washing should be strict for people with the infections Children should not be kept in crowded rooms Antibiotics and other medication should be offered Rationale This is properly done to ensure that there are no secondary infections and that the child is healed in time. Additionally, this care is done to ensure that there is no spreading of the disease. Page 1329 Chapter 47 Question One What are the nutrients that can lack in the growth of a child who is vegetarian? Answer a) Lack of enough proteins for growth and calories for energy b) Lack of enough iron c) A deficiency of carbohydrates d) In some case, they may lack iodine Answer (a) Rationale This is for the purposes of helping vegetarian children. Parents might require preparing a diet that will suite them creating a healthy growth of the child. Page 1365 Question Two What are the categories for food sensitivities? Answer Food allergy/ hypersensitivity, Food intolerance Food allergy and food disorder Food intolerance and food disorder Food sensors and food allergies Answer (a) Rationale Parents require to whether their children are allergic or sensitive to foods. For this reason, parents should ensure they have learned whether their children are food sensitive to know the type of diet they would need to offer their child. Page 1370 Question Three What is the treatment for lactose intolerance for children? Answer Total elimination of dairy products for the child is better but in some cases, minimal provision of these dairy products could be helpful for the child. Rationale This is extremely helpful for parents so that they cannot offer their children who are affected by lactose, dairy products. In this case, it will prevent any growth disorders that might occur. Question Four Many parents tend to wonder what the correct diet is for their children with no proper answer. For this reason nurse should be able to proper diets for parents to follow. What is the proper diet provided by nurses for children? Answers a) Parents should provide all the nutrients for the children especially those that are rich in growth of the body b) Parents should ensure that they do not provide excessive nutrients while others are deficient. c) Clean hygiene should be maintained in handling foods d) Food should be properly cooked Answer (a) Rationale Parents have a proper hygiene and ideal of a diet that they should provide their children with incase they do not have an idea. Secondly, it ensures a healthy growth in children when they are growing up. Page 1374 Question Five What are the diagnostic evaluations for a child suffering from acute gastroenteritis? Answer a) Checking of medical history b) Checking the symptoms exhibited by the children c) Checking whether there are other infections that could be causing this symptoms d) All the above Answer (d) Rationale The purposes of this are to ensure that the child is given the correct diagnosis. This makes sure that there is no confusion and the child is provided with the correct care depending on the ailment or disorders he or she is suffering from. Page 1386 Chapter 48 Question One What are the common signs for digoxin toxicity in children? Answer a) Anorexia b) Vomiting c) Nausea d) Dysrhythmias e) Bradycardia f) All the above Answer (f) Rationale This is for the purposes of educating the parents to know what their child might be suffering from. Additionally, it helps parents and nurses to know the care they should provide for the child. Page 1460 Question Two What are the expected complications after cardiac surgery and treatment approaches? Answer a) Postoperative bleeding b) Anemia c) Congestive heart failure d) Pleural effusions e) All the above Answer (e) Rationale This is for the purposes of ensuring that the nurses know the after surgery care for the baby and what precautions they should take to avoid the mentioned disorders. Additionally, the parents are also educated in case they come across these disorders. Page 1470 Question Three What is the nursing care provided to children suffering from anti cardiovascular disorder? Answer a) Counseling parents on the care they are supposed to offer the children b) The nurse should ensure to tell the parents to inform dentists of the ailments incase they visit one c) Nurses should provide detailed information on any disorders or symptoms that might be expected d) The nurse should visit the child regularly Answer (b) Rationale This aims at educating the parents of any symptoms that might occur. In this case, they reduce stress related case from the side of the parents. Finally, the child is attended to properly. Question Four What is the care offered to a child suffering from cardiomyopathy? Answer a) Many activities should be restricted b) Children should be involved in decision making regarding the activities to take c) Care should be provided to the children for proper health facilities d) All the above Answer (d) Rationale In this case, patients are made aware that their child is suffering from a serious ailment so they should take proper care for the children. Page 1478 Question Five What are the main areas to investigate when checking cardiac history? Answer a) Poor feedings habits b) Poor weight gain c) Frequent infections of the track d) None of the above Answer (c) Rationale This helps the nurses establishes the causes of causing cardiac diseases. In this case, the nurses will be able to prevent the disease as quickly as possible. Page 1487 Chapter 49 Question One What are the consequences that appear to a child who is infected with anemia? Answer a) It causes greater amounts of blood to return to the heart and lead to cardiac failure b) Older children might are have high growth rate c) It can cause growth retardation to all children d) Children form poor social skills Answer (a) Rationale Anemia causes difficulties in the pumping blood thus cause blood to move back to the heart. This leads to cardiac failure. Page 1492 Question Two When treating sickle cell anemia a nurse is supposed to have objectives. This is because if there are no objectives it might continue to spread. What are the objectives of treating sickle cell anemia? Answer a) To ensure little energy is lost and the oxygen that is being used b) To provide blood replacement blood replacement c) Provision of antibiotics to treat any infection d) All the above Above (d) Rationale All the above choices are correct because a nurse is supposed to ensure that anemia is treated and the suffering child is not infected again. Page 1497 Question Three Red blood cells are extremely vital to the body. If they decrease, they cause certain effects. What effects are caused by red blood cells? Answer a) Nutritional deficiency and born marrow failure b) Bodily weakness c) Fatigue in the part of the child d) None of the above Answer (a) Rationale The main aim is to educate the parents and the nurses the consequences of having a decrease red blood cell production in the body of a child. Question Four Iron deficiency anemia is not that common to children. However, when it infects it is dangerous. Therefore, how is iron deficiency anemia managed by parents? Answer a) Children are provided with iron supplements b) Children are maintained given proper care with extreme cautions c) Parents are advised to monitor the activities of the children d) All the above Answer (d) Rationale This is because all the above choices are effective when it comes to manage iron deficiency anemia. They ensure that it does not infect the child again. Page 1494 Question Five Therapy is important to sickle cell anemia patients. What are the important of therapy in sickle cell anemia? Answer a) Preventing the sickling phenomena responsible for other infections and prevent the medical emergencies of sickle cell crisis b) To offer antibiotics to the child c) Preventing infection by isolating other children d) Limiting activities for the different children Answer (a) Rationale The management of anemia ensures that no more infections continue. Additionally, it ensures that the cell does not continue to spread. Chapter 50 Question one What are the various tracts that are used to describe the urinary tract disorders? Answers a) Bacteriuria this is the presence of bacteria on the urine b) Asymptomatic bacteriruria c) Symptomatic Bacteriuria d) Recurrent UTI e) Persistent UTI f) Febrile UTI g) Cystitis h) Urethritis i) Urosepsis j) All the above Answer (j) Rationale Nurses can be able to record the difference terms from different location Page 1530 Question Two What are the needs of treating UTI? Answer a) To eliminate any current infections b) Establish the contributing factors to reduce the risks of occurring c) To preventing the systematic spread of the infections d) All the above Answer (d) Rationale Help caregivers know how to manage UTI. Page 1533 Question Three What are the nursing goals for urinary tract obstruction? a) To assists in the diagnosis of the disorder b) Help in catering for any problems resulting from the disorder c) Identify any cases of urinary tract obstruction d) All the above Answer (d) Rationale Nurses tend to forget their aims for this reason, this reminds nurses what they are supposed to do for the patient. Page 1535 Question Four Urinary tract obstruction must be maintained. What is the importance of maintaining? a) Reducing of urinary protein excretion and infections b) Reduction infections for the child c) Prevention fluid exposures d) Preventing excess urinary discharge Answer a) Rationale The main purposes are to prevent any infections for the child. Page 1537 Question Five Many parents do not know what age of children are affected by hymoletic uremic syndrome. For this reason what is the age that affects children with hymoletic uremic syndrome? a) 6 10 year b) 5 months 5 years c) Below 5 months d) 10 years and above Answer (b) Rationale At this age the immune system is forming therefore, they are prone to acquiring this disease especially if they have any other infections. Page 1540 Chapter 51 Question One Pupils of the eyes are extremely important in evaluating whether people are sick or not. If the pupils are not moving when unconscious they signify? a) There is an infection b) The child is well c) There are signs of brain damage d) The child lacks fluids in the body Answer (c) Rationale This shows that the brain is not functioning thus the patient is having a brain disorder. Question Two People tend to ignore nursing care for a child who is unconscious. What are the importances of nursing care? a) Record any information including changes or activities that might occur b) Treat the child c) Diagnose the child of any ailments incase of infection d) Ensure the child does not harm him or herself Answer (a) Rationale Nurses record information for the doctors to use in diagnosing. Secondly, the parents need to know whether the child is at risk or not. Page 1558 Question Three When a child is in a coma, the parents are often in constant stress. The main problem comes when the child dies. For this reason, what is the care given to parents? Therapy and counseling Parents usually have the same ailments therefore they should be treated The should be advised to go home None of the above Answer (a) Rationale Parents are usually in shock when a child dies. In most cases, they might not be together. Therefore, they need counseling to reduce the shock. Page 1562 Question Four Neurological examinations are extremely important. What are the importances? Help in deciding other diseases that might affect the patient Evaluate the extent of diseases Ensure prevention of disorders Establish basic neurological information Answer (d) Rationale Neurological information is important to establish what causes the infection whether hereditary or not. Page 1553 Question Five What is the importance of ventricular puncture? Preventing infections preventing chances of getting brain disorders Reduces disease and infections in the body Reduces chances of acquiring other infections in the body Reduces weight loss in the body Answer (a) Rationale Ventricular pressure reduces pressure reducing infections and other chances of getting brain disorders. Page 1556 Buy custom Acute Respiratory Track Infections essay

History and Timeline of the Battery

History and Timeline of the Battery A battery, which is actually an electric cell, is a device that produces electricity from a chemical reaction. In a one cell battery, you would find a negative electrode; an electrolyte, which conducts ions; a separator, also an ion conductor; and a positive electrode. Timeline of Battery History 1748- Benjamin Franklin first coined the term battery to describe an array of charged glass plates.1780 to 1786- Luigi Galvani demonstrated what we now understand to be the electrical basis of nerve impulses and provided the cornerstone of research for later inventors like Volta to create batteries.1800 Voltaic Pile- Alessandro Volta invented the Voltaic Pile and discovered the first practical method of generating electricity. Constructed of alternating discs of zinc and copper with pieces of cardboard soaked in brine between the metals, the Voltaic Pile produced electrical current. The metallic conducting arc was used to carry the electricity over a greater distance. Alessandro Voltas voltaic pile was the first wet cell battery that produced a reliable, steady current of electricity.1836 Daniell Cell- The Voltaic Pile could not deliver an electrical current for a long period of time. Englishman, John F. Daniell invented the Daniell Cell that used two electrolytes: copper sulfate and zinc sulfate. The Daniel Cell lasted longer than the Volta cell or pile. This battery, which produced about 1.1 volts, was used to power objects such as telegraphs, telephones, and doorbells, remained popular in homes for over 100 years. 1839 Fuel Cell- William Robert Grove developed the first fuel cell, which produced electrical by combining hydrogen and oxygen.1839 to 1842- Inventors created improvements to batteries that used liquid electrodes to produce electricity. Bunsen (1842) and Grove (1839) invented the most successful.1859 Rechargeable- French inventor, Gaston Plante developed the first practical storage lead-acid battery that could be recharged (secondary battery). This type of battery is primarily used in cars today.1866 Leclanche Carbon-Zinc Cell- French engineer, Georges Leclanche patented the carbon-zinc wet cell battery called the Leclanche cell. According to The History of Batteries: George Leclanches original cell was assembled in a porous pot. The positive electrode consisted of crushed manganese dioxide with a little carbon mixed in. The negative pole was a zinc rod. The cathode was packed into the pot, and a carbon rod was inserted to act as a current collector. The anode or zinc rod and the pot were then immersed in an ammonium chloride solution. The liquid acted as the electrolyte, readily seeping through the porous cup and making contact with the cathode material. The liquid acted as the electrolyte, readily seeping through the porous cup and making contact with the cathode material. Georges Leclanche then further improved his design by substituting the ammonium chloride paste for liquid electrolyte and invented a method of sealing the battery, inventing the first dry cell, an improved design that was now transportable. 1881- J.A. Thiebaut patented the first battery with both the negative electrode and porous pot placed in a zinc cup.1881- Carl Gassner invented the first commercially successful dry cell battery (zinc-carbon cell).1899- Waldmar Jungner invented the first nickel-cadmium rechargeable battery.1901 Alkaline Storage- Thomas Alva Edison invented the alkaline storage battery. Thomas Edisons alkaline cell had iron as the anode material (-) and nickelic oxide as the cathode material ().1949 Alkaline-Manganese Battery- Lew Urry developed the small alkaline battery in 1949. The inventor was working for the Eveready Battery Co. at their research laboratory in Parma, Ohio. Alkaline batteries last five to eight times as long as zinc-carbon cells, their predecessors.1954 Solar Cells- Gerald Pearson, Calvin Fuller, and Daryl Chapin invented the first solar battery. A solar battery converts the suns energy into electricity. In 1954, Gerald Pearson, Calvin Fuller, and Daryl Chapin invented the first s olar battery. The inventors created an array of several strips of silicon (each about the size of a razor blade), placed them in sunlight, captured the free electrons and turned them into ​​electrical current. Bell Laboratories in New York announced the prototype manufacture of a new solar battery. Bell had funded the research. The first public service trial of the Bell Solar Battery began with a telephone carrier system (Americus, Georgia) on October 4, 1955. 1964- Duracell was incorporated.

Challenging the Obama Health Care Legislation Research Paper

Challenging the Obama Health Care Legislation - Research Paper Example Moreover, the petitioners claim that the new Act infringes the Tenth Amendment, emphasizing that a directive that coerces people to either get a health insurance or be penalized is undemocratic and unlawful (Bandow 2011). The Congress (2010) has once declared: â€Å"By most measures, we have the best medical care system in the world† (p. 32). Yet, there are still major problems and critical issue. A significant portion of the population does not have insurance and costs are continuously increasing. Failure to get a health insurance can prevent one from gaining access to preventative care. The uninsured are given treatment when s/he becomes sick, as recognized by the defendants since health care in the United States is commonly given because of incapacity to afford medical expenses or acquire a health insurance. Yet, the acquired costs to provide medical services to the uninsured are at times remain unpaid. The costs of unpaid health care services are transferred to economic actors in the form of increased premiums and costs, which, consequently, can contribute to the continuity of the cycle and further enlarge the uninsured population (Congress 2010). The Congress approved of the PPACA against these conditions. The petitioners challenge a number of the interconnected parts of the PPACA as well. Primarily, the new Act considerably changes and enlarges the Medicaid plan. Medicaid is a joint federal-state initiative established in 1965 that supports federal subsidy to states that decide to offer health care to vulnerable and poor populations (Congress 2010). PPACA will expand the numbers of new entrants to the Medicaid rosters by widening the initiative to encompass all people under 65 years of age with a specific income percentage of the federal poverty threshold (Health Care Lawsuits 2011). Furthermore, the new Act opens the opportunity for the formation of medical benefit transactions intended to permit start-up or small businesses and individuals to control their purchasing power to acquire viable prices (Bandow 2011).  Ã‚  

Global Finance Assignment Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 750 words

Global Finance - Assignment Example Lastly, information provision- the market provides information for firms in various countries on market situation, which helps in decision-making (Holton, pg.139-141). Bond offered on discount is that which is offered at less than its par or face value. Due to a bond’s maturity, discount is arrived at by deducting the market price from principal amount of the bond (Holton, pg.23). Ordinary shareholders may be paid dividend or not, preference shareholders must be paid dividend. In case of liquidation, preference shareholders are paid first while ordinary holders are paid last. Preference shares have a fixed amount of dividend; ordinary shares dividends are flexible depending on the company performance. Preference shares are callable and have no voting rights while ordinary shares are non-callable and have voting rights (Holton, pg.77-79). The three components include acceptance market, which are institutions with the specialty in accepting bills of exchange as the second signatories. Secondly, we have the bill market, which are intermediaries between the buyers and sellers of the bills. They at times do the discounting of the bills on their own accounts. The third component is the collateral loan market and it works in the form of loans and cash credits (Holton, pg.198). Futures are preferred at times over Forwards because they are traded publicly unlike forwards, who are only traded between two parties who are confidants; it involves transactions of securities in the future coupled with present agreements (Holton, pg.127). It is true that options can have a positive value despite being out of the money. This is possible as have been on American options which can be traded any time, the only condition is only that they must positive time premiums for them to trade at positive prices despite being out of the money (Holton, pg.217). Default risk on the other hand is